27th February
2.00 -3.30pm : verbal Reasoning:
Resentment:(n): A feeling of deep and bitter anger.
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3.30-4.30pm : Biology Respiration Review:
The structures of the respiratory system:
Air enters the nose(external nares--> nasal cavity)--> Pharynx -->pass epiglottis-> larynx (voice box)->trachea--> bronchi->bronchioles-->alveoli
*Inspiration occurs when the medulla oblongata of the midbrain signals the diaphragm to contract.
*Rate of breathing is affected by central chemoreceptors in the medulla & peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid arteries and aorta.
The mechanics underlying ventilation:
*Dependent on the pressure changes in the thoracic cavity(heart+ lung).
*Space between the parietal pleura & visceral pleura = intrapleural space.
*The pressure difference prevents the lungs & the space prevents the lungs from collapsing.
1) Inhalation
a) Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles contract [internal intercostal muscles relax]
b) Ribcage chest wall up
c) thoracic cavity increase
d) intrapleural pressure reduce
[opposite for exhalation]
Where gas exchange takes place in the lung:
Gas exchange occurs by diffusion across the pulmonary capillaries surrounding the alveoli.
*gases move from regions of higher partial pressure -> lower partial pressure
*o2 diffuses into the deoxygenated blood that has a lower partial pressure(where it binds to the hemoglobin) and travels back to the heart via pulmonary veins.
*Co2 diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli for expulsion during exhalation.
The role of surfactant in gas exchange:
*Surfactant lowers the surface tension of the alveoli and facilitates gas exchange across the membranes.
The role of the respiratory system in thermoregulation,protection against disease, and protection against particulate matter.
Nasal Cavity- filters, moistens and warms incoming air
hair- traps large dust particles
Mucus- secreted by goblet cells trap smaller dust particles and moistens the air
Cilia- moves the mucus and dust back toward the pharynx for removal by spitting or swallowing
Oxygen dissociation curve is shfited right by increase in
1)CO2
2) H ion concentration
3) temperature
Resentment:(n): A feeling of deep and bitter anger.
-----------------------------------------------------------
3.30-4.30pm : Biology Respiration Review:
The structures of the respiratory system:
Air enters the nose(external nares--> nasal cavity)--> Pharynx -->pass epiglottis-> larynx (voice box)->trachea--> bronchi->bronchioles-->alveoli
*Inspiration occurs when the medulla oblongata of the midbrain signals the diaphragm to contract.
*Rate of breathing is affected by central chemoreceptors in the medulla & peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid arteries and aorta.
The mechanics underlying ventilation:
*Dependent on the pressure changes in the thoracic cavity(heart+ lung).
*Space between the parietal pleura & visceral pleura = intrapleural space.
*The pressure difference prevents the lungs & the space prevents the lungs from collapsing.
1) Inhalation
a) Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles contract [internal intercostal muscles relax]
b) Ribcage chest wall up
c) thoracic cavity increase
d) intrapleural pressure reduce
[opposite for exhalation]
Where gas exchange takes place in the lung:
Gas exchange occurs by diffusion across the pulmonary capillaries surrounding the alveoli.
*gases move from regions of higher partial pressure -> lower partial pressure
*o2 diffuses into the deoxygenated blood that has a lower partial pressure(where it binds to the hemoglobin) and travels back to the heart via pulmonary veins.
*Co2 diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli for expulsion during exhalation.
The role of surfactant in gas exchange:
*Surfactant lowers the surface tension of the alveoli and facilitates gas exchange across the membranes.
The role of the respiratory system in thermoregulation,protection against disease, and protection against particulate matter.
Nasal Cavity- filters, moistens and warms incoming air
hair- traps large dust particles
Mucus- secreted by goblet cells trap smaller dust particles and moistens the air
Cilia- moves the mucus and dust back toward the pharynx for removal by spitting or swallowing
Oxygen dissociation curve is shfited right by increase in
1)CO2
2) H ion concentration
3) temperature
posted by steven at 11:37 PM
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